Qiran: A pilgrim wears Ihram for both Umrah and Hajj or he wears Ihram first
for Umrah, then makes intentions for Hajj before his Tawaf for Hajj. The obligations
on one performing Ifraad are the same as those on one performing Qiran, except
that the latter must slaughter whereas the former is not obligated to do so.
The best of the three forms is Tamattu'. It is the form that the prophet-may
the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him encouraged his followers to perform.
Even if a pilgrim makes intentions to perform Qiran or Ifraad he is
allowed to change his intentions to Tamattu'; he can do this even after
he has performed Tawaf and Sa'yi.
When the Prophet - may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him-
performed Tawaf and Sa'yi during the year of the Farewell Hajj with
his companions, he ordered all those who hadn't brought sacrificial
animals to change their intentions for Hajj to intentions for Umrah.
cut their hair, and disengage from Ihram till Hajj. He said, " If
I hadn't brought the sacrificial animal, I'd have done what I've
ordered you to do."
The Umrah
If a pilgrim wishes to be ritually pure for Umrah, he should shed
his clothing and bathe as he would after sexual defilement, if convenient.
He should perfume his head and beard with the best oil he can find.
There is no harm in what remains of it after Ihram.
Bathing for Ihram is Sunnah for both men and women, including menstruating
women and those experiencing postnatal bleeding. After bathing and
preparing himself, a. pilgrim, other than those menstruating or experiencing
post- natal bleeding, prays the obligatory prayer, if it is time.
Otherwise, he makes his intention by praying the two Sunnah Rakass
whichare made each time Wudhu is performed.
When he finishes his prayer he should say: "Here I am for Umrah--here
I am, Oh Allah, here I am. Here I am. You have no partner. Here I am.
Surely all praise, grace and dominion is yours, and you have no
partner." [Talbeeyah]. A man raises his voice when saying this
and a woman says it so that only one beside her may hear her.
One in Ihram should say the Talbeeyah as often as possible, especially
when times and places change. For example: when descending or ascending
during travel or when day or night approach. He should also ask Allah
for His pleasure, for Heaven and seek refuge in Allah's mercy from
Hellfire.
One should say the Talbeeyah during Umrah, starting from the time he
puts on his Ihram till he starts Tawaf. During Hajj he should say
it starting from the time he puts on his Ihram till he starts to
stone Jamrah
Al- Aqaba on the Eid day.
When a pilgrim enters the Holy Mosque he puts forth his right foot
first and says: "In the name of Allah, may peace and blessings
be upon the Messenger of Allah. Oh Allah, forgive me my sins and
open to me the doors of Your mercy. I seek refuge in Allah the Almighty
and in His Eminent Face and in His Eternal Dominion from the accursed
Satan." He approaches the Black Stone, touches it with his right
hand and kisses it. If this isn't possible, he should face the Black
Stone and point to it. It is best not to push and shove, causing
harm and being harmed by other people.
When touching the Stone, a pilgrim should say the following: "In
the name of Allah, Allah is the greatest. Oh, Allah, with faith in
you, belief in Your book, loyalty to you, compliance to the way of
your Prophet
Muhammad--may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him."
A pilgrim
must walk, keeping the Ka'bah on his left. When he reaches the Rukn
Al Yamani he should touch, but not kiss
it, and say: " Our
Lord, grant us good in this life and good in the hereafter and save
us from the punishment of the Hell-fire. Oh Allah, I beg of You for
forgiveness and health in this life and in the Hereafter." Each
time he passes the Black Stone he should say: "Allah is the Greatest."
During the remainder of his Tawaf he may say what he pleases of supplications,
mentioning Allah, and recitation of Quran. This is because Tawaf,
Sa'yi, and Stoning the Jamrah have been devised for the purpose of
mentioning Allah. During this Tawaf it is necessary for a man to
do two things:
Al-ldhtebaa' from the beginning of Tawaf until the end. Al-ldhtebaa' means
placing the middle of one's Reda' under his right arm and the ends of it
over his left shoulder. When he is finished performing Tawaf, he may return
his Reda' to its original state because the time for Idhtebaa' is only during
Tawaf.
Al-Raml during the first three circuits. Al-Raml means speeding up one's pace
with small steps. A pilgrim should walk at a normal pace during his last
four circuits. When he completes seven circuits of Tawaf, he approaches Maqam
Ibrahim and recites: "And take ye the station of Abraham as a place
of Prayer" Chapter 2, Verse 125 [2:125]. He prays two short Rakaas,
as close as conveniently possible, behind Maqam Ibrahim. During the first
Rakaa he recites Surah Al-Kafirun [Chapter 109] and during the second one
Surah Al- lkhlas[Chapter 112]. When he completes the two Rakaas he should
return to the Black Stone and touch it, if convenient. He goes out to the
Mesa'a and when he nears As-Safaa he recites: " Verily As- Safaa and
Al-Marwah are among the shrines of Allah" [2:158].
He ascends
As-Safaa until he is able to see the Ka'bah. Facing the Ka'bah and
raising his hands, he praises Allah and makes
any supplications
he chooses. The Prophet--may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon
him--prayed thus: "There is no Deity but Allah alone," three
times, supplicating in between.
He descends As-Safaa and heads for Al- Marwah at a normal pace until
he reaches the green marker. He should then run fast until the next
green marker. He continues toward Al- Marwah at a normal pace. When
he reaches it, he ascends it, faces the Qibla, raises his hands and
repeats what he said on As-Safaa. He descends Al-Marwah heading towards
As-Safaa, taking care to walk where walking is designated, and run
where running is designated.
He continues this procedure until he completes seven laps. Going from
As-Safaa to Al-Marwah is a lap and returning is another lap. During
his Sa'yi he may recite what he wills of supplications, recitation
of Qur'an, and mentioning Allah.
In completion of Sa'yi he shaves his head. A woman clips her hair the
length of a finger tip. Shaving is preferable, except when Hajj is
near and there isn't sufficient time for hair to grow back. In this
case it's best to clip so that hair will remain for shaving during
Hajj. With that, Umrah is completed. and a pilgrim is free to dress
in other clothing, wear perfume and engage in marital relations,
etc.
The Hajj
In the
forenoon of the eighth day of Dhul-Hijja, a pilgrim purifies himself
once again by bathing as he did before Umrah
in the place in
which he is staying, if convenient. He puts on his Ihram and says: " Here
I am for Hajj. Here I am, oh Allah, here I am. Here I am. You have
no partner. Here I am. Surely all praise, grace and dominion is yours,
and you have no partners."
If he fears that something will prevent him from completing his Hajj
he should make a condition when he makes his intentions, saying: " If
I am prevented by any obstacle my place is wherever I am held up." If
he has no such fear, he doesn't make this condition.
A pilgrim goes to Mina and there prays Dhuhr, Asr, Magrib, Isha and
Fajr, shortening his four unit prayers so as to make them two units
each, without combining them.
When the sun rises, he goes to Arafah and there prays Dhuhr and Asr
combined at the time of Dhuhr, making each one two units. He remains
in Namira Mosque until sunset if possible. He remembers Allah and
makes as many supplications as possible while facing the Qibla. The
Prophet-may the peace and blessing of Allah be upon him-prayed thus: "There
is no Deity but Allah alone. He has no partner. All dominion and
praise are His and He is powerful over all things.
If he grows weary it is permissible for him to engage in beneficial
conversation with his companions or reading what he can find of beneficial
books, especially those concerning Allah's grace and abundant gifts.
This will strengthen his hope in Allah. He should then return to
his supplications and be sure to spend the end of the day deep in
supplication because the best of supplication is the supplication
of the day of Arafah.
At sunset he goes from Arafah to Muzdalifah and there prays Magrib,
Isha, and Fajr. If he is tired or has little water, it is permissible
for him to combine Magrib and Isha. If he fears that he will not
reach Muzdalifah until after midnight, he should pray before he reaches
it for it is not permissible to delay prayer until after midnight.
He remains there, in Muzdalifah, making supplications and remembering
Allah till just before sunrise.
If he is weak and cannot handle the crowd during Ar-Ramy, it is permissible
for him to go to Mina at the end of the night to stone the Jamrah
before the arrival of the crowd. Near sunrise, a pilgrim goes from
Muzdalifah to Mina. Upon reaching it he does the following:
He throws
seven consecutive pebbles at Jamrah Al-Aqaba which is the closest
monument to Makkah, saying: "Allah is the Greatest," as
he throws each pebble.
He slaughters the sacrificial animal, eats some of it, and gives some to the
poor. Slaughter is obligatory on the Mutamati and Qiran.
He shaves or clips his hair; shaving is preferable. A woman clips her hair
the length of a finger-tip.
These three should be done in the above order if convenient, but there
is no restriction if one precedes another.
With that, one is allowed to come out of Ihram. He can wear other clothing
and do everything that was lawful before Ihram except engaging in
marital relations. He goes to Makkah to perform Tawaf Al-lfadha and
Sa'yi, also for Hajj. It is Sunnah to put perfume on before going
to Makkah.
With the completion of this Tawaf and Sa'yi, a pilgrim is allowed to
do everything that was lawful before Ihram, including engaging in
marital relations. After performing Tawaf and Sa'yi, he returns to
Mina to spend the nights of the eleventh and twelfth days there.
He stones the three Jamrah in the afternoon of both the eleventh and
twelfth days. He starts with the first Jamrah, which is furthest
from Makkah, then the middle one, and lastly Jamrah Al-Aqaba. Each
one should be stoned with seven consecutive pebbles accompanied by
Takbeer. He stops after the first and middle Jamrah to make supplications
facing the Qibla. It is not permissible to stone before noon on these
two days. It is best to walk to the Jamrah, but riding is permissible.
If he is in a hurry after stoning on the twelfth day, he leaves Mina
before sunset. But if he wishes to prolong his stay, which is best,
he spends the night of the thirteenth in Mina and stones that afternoon
in the same
manner as on the twelfth day.
When he is ready to return to his country, he makes Tawaf Al-Wadaa,
which is seven circuits around the Ka'bah. Menstruating women and
women experiencing postnatal discharge are not obligated to perform Tawaf Al -Wadaa.
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